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ADRIAMYCIN® Pharmacia & Upjohn Doxorubicin HCl Antineoplastic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Though not completely elucidated, the mechanism of action of doxorubicin is related to its ability to bind to DNA and inhibit nucleic acid synthesis. Cell culture studies have demonstrated rapid cell penetration and perinucleolar chromatin binding, rapid inhibition of mitotic activity and nucleic acid synthesis, mutagenesis and chromosomal aberrations. Animal studies have shown activity in a wide spectrum…

ADRUCIL® Pharmacia & Upjohn Fluorouracil Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mechanism of action of fluorouracil is mainly related to competitive inhibition of thymidylate synthetase, the enzyme catalyzing the methylation of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid. The consequent thymidine deficiency results in inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, thus inducing cell death. Also, moderate inhibition of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and incorporation of fluorouracil into RNA have been observed. The predominant…

ACTIFED® Warner-Lambert Consumer Healthcare Triprolidine HCl – Pseudoephedrine HCl Antihistaminic – Decongestant Indications And Clinical Uses: The prophylaxis and treatment of symptoms associated with the common cold, acute and subacute sinusitis, acute eustachian salpingitis, serous otitis media with eustachian tube congestion, aerotitis media and croup; in allergic conditions which respond to antihistamines, including hay fever, pollenosis, allergic and vasomotor rhinitis. Contra-Indications: Hypersensitivity to triprolidine or pseudoephedrine. Should not be administered…

ACTIFED™ PLUS EXTRA STRENGTH Warner-Lambert Consumer Healthcare Acetaminophen – Pseudoephedrine HCl – Triprolidine HCl Analgesic – Antipyretic – Antihistamine – Decongestant Indications And Clinical Uses: The prophylaxis and treatment of symptoms associated with the common cold, acute and subacute sinusitis; in allergic conditions which respond to antihistamines, including hay fever, pollenosis, allergic and vasomotor rhinitis. Relieves nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, sinus pain, headache and fever. Contra-Indications: Hypersensitivity to triprolidine,…

ACTINAC® Hoechst Marion Roussel Chloramphenicol – Hydrocortisone Acetate – Butoxyethylnicotinate – Allantoin – Precipitated Sulfur Acne Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The roles of the individual ingredients in Actinac and their collective mechanisms of action in the topical treatment of acne have not been elucidated. Hydrocortisone, chloramphenicol and precipitated sulfur are however, widely recognized for their respective anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and desquamating properties. Chloramphenicol is usually bacteriostatic in action, but may…

ACTIVASE® rt-PA Roche Alteplase Fibrinolytic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Alteplase is a serine protease which has the property of fibrin-enhanced conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. It produces minimal conversion of plasminogen in the absence of fibrin; and when introduced into the systemic circulation, alteplase binds to fibrin in a thrombus and converts the entrapped plasminogen to plasmin. This initiates local fibrinolysis with minimal systemic effects. Following administration of alteplase…

ACULAR® Allergan Ketorolac Tromethamine Topical Anti-inflammatory Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory agent demonstrating analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. At concentrations of 0.02 to 0.5%, ketorolac solution did not irritate the eyes of rats, dogs and monkeys. Up to 4% concentrations were nonirritating in albino rabbits. Ketorolac has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically in several animal models of ocular inflammation. The compound significantly inhibited the inflammatory response…

ACYCLOVIR SODIUM FOR INJECTION Novopharm Antiviral Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Acyclovir, a synthetic acyclic purine nucleoside analog, is a substrate with a high degree of specificity for herpes simplex and varicella-zoster-specified thymidine kinase. Acyclovir is a poor substrate for host cell-specified thymidine kinase. Herpes simplex and varicella-zoster-specified thymidine kinase transform acyclovir to its monophosphate which is then transformed by a number of cellular enzymes to acyclovir diphosphate and acyclovir triphosphate….

ACEL-P™ Wyeth-Ayerst Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed Active Immunizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Pertussis disease (whooping cough) is caused by a gram-negative coccobacillus, B. pertussis. Acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed is an acellular pertussis vaccine indicated for primary immunization against disease caused by B. pertussis. Pertussis (whooping cough) has 3 typical stages (catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent). The second phase is characterized by severe paroxysmal coughing that persists for weeks. The disease…

  ACNOMEL® Chattem Resorcinol – Sulfur Compound Acne Therapy Indications And Clinical Uses: Treatment of acne: basic topical medication for acne. The tinted cream may be used by patients who desire a medicated preparation to mask lesions. Contra-Indications: Should not be applied to diffuse, acutely inflamed areas. Keep out of eyes and off eyelids. Precautions: Moderate erythema and scaling are normal and expected results of therapy. However, should these reactions…