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TYPHIM Vi™ Connaught Salmonella Typhi Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine Active Immunizing Agent Action and Clinical Pharmacology: PharmacologyS. typhi is the etiological agent of typhoid fever, an acute, febrile enteric disease transmitted by contaminated water and food. The fatality rate ranges from 16% in untreated cases to less than 1% in those given appropriate antibiotic therapy. The incidence of typhoid fever has declined steadily in Canada. Approximately 80 cases are reported…

TYLENOL® ACHES AND STRAINS MEDICATION McNeil Consumer Healthcare Acetaminophen-Chlorzoxazone Analgesic-Muscle Relaxant Action and Clinical Pharmacology: Tylenol Aches and Strains Medication combines the muscle-relaxant effect of chlorzoxazone with acetaminophen, a well known analgesic.: Chlorzoxazone is a centrally-acting agent for painful musculoskeletal conditions. Data available from animal experiments, as well as human study, indicate that chlorzoxazone acts primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain where…

TYLENOL® with CODEINE Preparations Janssen-Ortho/McNeil Consumer Healthcare Acetaminophen–Codeine Phosphate Compound Analgesic–Antipyretic Action and Clinical Tylenol acetaminophen with codeine combines the analgesic effects of the centrally acting analgesic codeine, with a peripherally acting analgesic, acetaminophen. Caffeine stimulates the CNS at all levels including the cortex. In addition, it acts on the kidney to produce diuresis, stimulates cardiac muscle and depresses smooth muscle. Both acetaminophen and codeine are well absorbed orally. Acetaminophen…

TYLENOL® McNeil Consumer Healthcare Acetaminophen Analgesic–Antipyretic Action and Clinical The analgesic and antipyretic effects of acetaminophen are believed to be related to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase (a mechanism shared by ASA and related drugs). It is postulated that the analgesic effect is produced by elevation of the pain threshold and the antipyretic effect is produced through action on the hypothalamic heat-regulating center. Acetaminophen is considered equipotent to ASA in…

TROPICAMIDE Rivex Ophthalmics Mydriatic–Cycloplegic Availability And Storage: Each mL of sterile ophthalmic solution contains: tropicamide 1%. Nonmedicinal ingredients: benzalkonium chloride, boric acid, edetate disodium, hydrochloric acid, purified water and sodium hydroxide. Plastic squeeze bottles of 15 mL with controlled tip applicators. TROPICAMIDE Rivex Ophthalmics Mydriatic–Cycloplegic

TROSYD™ AF TROSYD™ J Pfizer Consumer Tioconazole Antifungal Agent Action and Clinical Tioconazole is a member of the imidazole class of antifungal agents. Although the mode of action of tioconazole has not as yet been determined, several studies have demonstrated that the imidazoles inhibit ergosterol synthesis in fungi by blocking C-14 demethylation. As a result, there is an accumulation of C-14 methyl sterol intermediates like langosterol, and a decrease in…

TRYPTAN™ ICN L-Tryptophan Adjunct in the Management of Affective Disorders Action and Clinical The rationale for the use of L-tryptophan in affective disorders is based on clinical findings more than 20 years ago, that L-tryptophan increases 5-HT (serotonin) synthesis in the CNS of humans. It has been demonstrated in clinical trials that oral ingestion of L-tryptophan in humans caused a significant increase in the level of the serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic…

TRIPTIL® Merck Frosst Protriptyline HCl Antidepressant Indications And Clinical Uses: In the treatment of depression that is a manifestation of psychosis or neurosis, whether endogenous or reactive in nature. Endogenous depression is more likely to respond than other depressive states. It is especially recommended for apathetic, withdrawn patients because it promptly relieves anergia and lacks sedative activity. These qualities make it useful also in ambulatory depressed patients. When used in…

TRISORALEN™ ICN Trioxsalen Melanizing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Trioxsalen is a synthetic melanizing agent structurally and pharmacologically related to methoxsalen. The normal pigmentation of the skin is due to melanin, which is produced in the cytoplasm of the melanocytes located in the basal layers of the epidermis at its junction with the dermis. Melanin is formed by the oxidation of tyrosine to DOPA (dihydroxyphenylalanine) with tyrosinase as catalyst. This…

TRINIPATCH® 0.2 TRINIPATCH® 0.4 TRINIPATCH® 0.6 Sanofi-Synthelabo Nitroglycerin Transdermal Delivery System Antianginal Action and Clinical The principal pharmacological action of nitroglycerin is relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, producing a vasodilator effect on both peripheral arteries and veins, with more prominent effects on the latter. Dilation of the post-capillary vessels, including large veins, promotes peripheral pooling of blood and decreases venous return to the heart, thereby reducing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure…