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ZINECARD™ Pharmacia & Upjohn Dexrazoxane Cardioprotective Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Dexrazoxane is a cyclic derivative of EDTA which, unlike EDTA, readily penetrates cell membranes. Dexrazoxane was shown to be able to protect the myocardium from anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. The mechanism by which dexrazoxane exerts its cardioprotective activity is not fully understood. Results of laboratory studies suggest that dexrazoxane is converted intracellularly to an open-ringed chelating agent which interferes with iron-mediated…

ZESTORETIC® Zeneca Lisinopril – Hydrochlorothiazide Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor – Diuretic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Zestoretic combines the action of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, and a diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide. Lisinopril: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidyl dipeptidase which catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the pressor substance, angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to increased plasma renin activity (due to…

ZESTRIL® Zeneca Lisinopril Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor which is used in the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure and following myocardial infarction in hemodynamically stable patients. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidyl dipeptidase which catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the pressor substance, angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to increased plasma…

ZEPHIRAN® Sanofi Benzalkonium Chloride Topical Antiseptic Indications And Clinical Uses: Antisepsis of skin and mucous membranes and as a disinfectant in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, urology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology and general practice. Also may be used as a disinfectant for hospital utensils and other environmental surfaces and for disinfection and storage of ampuls, thermometers, metal instruments and catheters. Contra-Indications: Incompatible with soap and anionic detergents. Use in occlusive dressings, casts and…

ZARONTIN® Parke-Davis Ethosuximide Anticonvulsant Indications And Clinical Uses: The control of absence (petit mal) epilepsy. Contra-Indications: Ethosuximide should not be used in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to succinimides. Precautions: Blood dyscrasias, including some with fatal outcome, have been reported to be associated with the use of ethosuximide; therefore, periodic blood counts should be performed. Ethosuximide is capable of producing morphological and functional changes in the animal liver. In…

ZEMURON™ Organon Rocuronium Bromide Nondepolarizing Skeletal Neuromuscular Blocking Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Rocuronium is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a rapid to intermediate onset depending on dose and an intermediate duration of action. The drug acts by binding competitively to cholinergic receptors at the motor end-plate to antagonize the action of acetylcholine, an effect which is reversible in the presence of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as neostigmine and edrophonium….

ZAROXOLYN® Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Metolazone Diuretic – Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Metolazone is a quinazoline diuretic/antihypertensive agent. The action of metolazone is to interfere with the renal tubular mechanism of electrolyte reabsorption. The mechanism of this action is unknown. Metolazone acts primarily to inhibit sodium reabsorption at the cortical diluting site and in the proximal convoluted tubule. Sodium and chloride ions are excreted in approximately equivalent amounts. The increased delivery…

ZADITEN® Novartis Ketotifen Fumarate Pediatric Asthma Prophylactic – Antiallergic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ketotifen is a nonbronchodilator antiasthmatic drug which inhibits the effects of certain endogenous substances known to be inflammatory mediators, and thereby exerts antiallergic activity. Preclinical studies indicated that ketotifen’s anti-H1 effect seems to be distinct from its antiallergic properties. The effectiveness of ketotifen in the chronic management of mild atopic pediatric asthma has been shown in…

ZANOSAR® Pharmacia & Upjohn Streptozocin Antineoplastic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Streptozocin inhibits DNA synthesis in bacterial and mammalian cells. In bacterial cells, a specific interaction with cytosine moieties leads to degradation of DNA. The biochemical mechanism leading to mammalian cell death has not been definitively established; levels required to kill cells are considerably lower than those required to inhibit DNA synthesis or several of the enzymes involved in DNA…

YUTOPAR® Bristol Ritodrine HCl Uterine Relaxing Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ritodrine is a beta-receptor agonist, which has been shown by in vitro and vivo pharmacologic studies in animals to exert a preferential effect on the adrenergic receptors such as those in the uterine smooth muscle. Stimulation of the receptors inhibits contractility of the uterine smooth muscle. Beta-adrenergic stimulation in other body systems may lead to some cardiovascular or metabolic…