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IMURAN® Glaxo Wellcome Azathioprine Immunosuppressive Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Metabolism: Azathioprine is well absorbed following oral administration. Maximum serum radioactivity occurs at 1 to 2 hours after oral 5-azathioprine and decays with a half-life of 5 hours. This is not an estimate of the half-life of azathioprine itself but is the decay rate for all 5-containing metabolites of the drug. Because of extensive metabolism, only a fraction of the…

INDERAL® INDERAL®-LA Wyeth-Ayerst Propranolol HCl Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Propranolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drug. It has no other autonomic nervous system activity. Propranolol is a competitive antagonist which specifically competes with beta-adrenergic receptor stimulating agents for available beta-receptor sites. When access to beta-adrenergic receptor sites is blocked by propranolol, the chronotropic, inotropic, and vasodilator responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation are decreased proportionately. Beta-adrenergic blockade…

INDOCID® INDOCID® SR MSD Indomethacin Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with marked analgesic, and antipyretic properties. It has a unique chemical structure, which differentiates it from the salicylates, corticosteroids, phenylbutazone-like compounds and colchicine. Unlike corticosteroids, it has no effect on pituitary or adrenal function. Indomethacin is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro. Concentrations are reached during therapy which have been demonstrated…

IMOGAM® RABIES PASTEURIZED Connaught Rabies Immune Globulin, Pasteurized (Human) Immunotherapeutic Agent – Passive Immunization Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Infection with rabies virus characteristically produces an acute illness with rapidly progressive CNS manifestations, including anxiety, dysphagia, and convulsions, and almost invariably progresses to death. Some patients may present with paralysis. Rabies virus is classified in the Rhabdovirus family. Rabies virus can infect any warm blooded animal. In North America, it occurs…

IMODIUM® Janssen-Ortho/ McNeil Consumer Products Loperamide HCl Antidiarrheal Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diarrhea may be defined as a failure or imbalance of one or a combination of activities in the gut which include secretion, absorption and motility. Loperamide has been shown to act on all of these functions via cholinergic, noncholinergic, opiate and nonopiate receptor-mediated mechanisms. In this way, loperamide effectively reduces fecal output and frequency, improves stool consistency and…

IMOVANE® Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Zopiclone Hypnotic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Zopiclone, a cyclopyrrolone derivative, is a short-acting hypnotic agent. Zopiclone belongs to a novel chemical class which is structurally unrelated to existing hypnotics. However, the pharmacological profile of zopiclone is similar to that of the benzodiazepines. In sleep laboratory studies of 1- to 21-day duration in man, zopiclone reduced sleep latency, increased the duration of sleep and decreased the number of…

ImmuCyst® Connaught Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), substrain Connaught Antineoplastic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: When administered intravesically as a cancer therapy, BCG promotes a local acute inflammatory and sub-acute granulomatous reaction with histiocytic and leukocytic infiltration in the urothelium and lamina propria of the urinary bladder. The local inflammatory effects are associated with an elimination or reduction of superficial cancerous lesions of the urinary bladder. The antitumor effect appears to be T-lymphocyte-dependent….

IMITREX® Injection/Tablets IMITREX® Nasal Spray Glaxo Wellcome Sumatriptan Succinate Sumatriptan Migraine Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Sumatriptan has been shown to be effective in relieving migraine headache. It is an agonist for a vascular 5-hydroxytryptamine1D (5-HT1D) receptor subtype (a member of the 5-HT1 family), and has only weak affinity for 5-HT1A receptors and no significant activity (as measured using standard radioligand binding assays) or pharmacological activity at 5-HT2, 5-HT3, 5-HT4,…

IMMUNINE® VH Baxter Factor IX Concentrate (Human) Blood Coagulation Factor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Coagulation factor IX is one of the clotting factors found in normal human blood and is required for normal clot formation. I.V. administration of Immunine VH, factor IX concentrate (human) vapor heated, Immuno provides an increase in plasma levels of factor IX and can temporarily correct the coagulation defect of patients with factor IX deficiency. The…

ILETIN® ILETIN® II PORK Lilly Insulin Diabetes Mellitus Therapy Description: Insulin is a protein hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. The administration of suitable doses of insulin to patients with diabetes mellitus, along with controlled diet and exercise, temporarily restores their ability to metabolize carbohydrates, fats and proteins; to store glycogen in the liver; and to convert glucose to fat. When given in suitable…