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NITROL® Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Nitroglycerin Antianginal – Vasodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The principal action of nitroglycerin is that of all nitrates, namely relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Nitrates act primarily by reducing myocardial oxygen demands rather than increasing its oxygen supply. This effect is thought to be brought about predominantly by peripheral action. Although venous effects predominate, nitroglycerin produces, in a dose-related manner, dilation of both arterial and venous beds….

NIPRIDE® Roche Sodium Nitroprusside Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nitroprusside is a potent, rapid acting i.v. antihypertensive agent. The antihypertensive action of nitroprusside is probably due to the nitroso (NO) group. Its effect is almost immediate and usually ends when the i.v. infusion is stopped. The brief duration of the drug’s action is due to its rapid biotransformation. The hypotensive effect is augmented by ganglionic blocking agents. The hypotensive effects…

NIMOTOP® NIMOTOP® I.V. Bayer Nimodipine Adjunct in the Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – Calcium Channel Blocking Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Delayed neurologic deterioration secondary to cerebral ischemic deficits is believed to be a major determinant of outcome in patients who survive their initial subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Nimodipine is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine group. It appears to have a more marked effect on the cerebral circulation than…

NITOMAN® Roche Tetrabenazine Monoamine Depleting Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The central effects of tetrabenazine closely resemble those of reserpine, but it differs from the latter in having less peripheral activity and in being much shorter acting. In laboratory animals, tetrabenazine interferes with vesicular storage of biogenic amines, including dopamine as well as serotonin and norepinephrine; this effect is mainly limited to the brain. Hydroxytetrabenazine is believed to be the…

NIFEDIPINE PA 10 NIFEDIPINE PA 20 Schein Pharmaceutical Nifedipine Antihypertensive Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nifedipine is a calcium ion influx inhibitor (calcium channel blocker or calcium ion antagonist). The antihypertensive action of this group of drugs is believed to be related to their specific cellular action of selectively inhibiting transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscles. The contractile processes of vascular smooth muscle are dependent upon the movement…

NIMBEX® Glaxo Wellcome Cisatracurium Besylate Nondepolarizing Skeletal Neuromuscular Blocking Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Cisatracurium is an intermediate-acting, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent for i.v. administration. Cisatracurium, 1 of 10 isomers of atracurium besylate, constitutes approximately 15% of that mixture. Cisatracurium binds competitively to cholinergic receptors on the motor end-plate to antagonize the action of acetylcholine, resulting in block of neuromuscular transmission. This action is antagonized by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as…

NICORETTE® PLUS Hoechst Marion Roussel Nicotine Polacrilex Smoking Cessation Aid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The active component of Nicorette Plus is nicotine in the form of a natural extract from the tobacco plant. In small doses, nicotine stimulates autonomic ganglia. Larger doses of the drug result in a blockage of the ganglia. The effects on autonomic ganglia vary according to the degree of tolerance to nicotine. The major cardiovascular effects…

NICORETTE® Hoechst Marion Roussel Nicotine Polacrilex Smoking Cessation Aid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The active component of Nicorette is nicotine in the form of a natural extract from the tobacco plant. In small doses, nicotine stimulates autonomic ganglia. Larger doses of the drug result in a blockage of the ganglia. The effects on autonomic ganglia vary according to the degree of tolerance to nicotine. The major cardiovascular effects of nicotine…

NIDAGEL™ 3M Pharmaceuticals Metronidazole Antibacterial Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Metronidazole demonstrates antibacterial activity against bacteria classified as obligate anaerobes including Bacteroides and to a lesser extent against anaerobic gram-positive rods. The nitro group of the drug is thought to be reduced in the target cell leading to the production of cytotoxic metabolites. Bioavailability studies on the administration of a single 5 g dose of NidaGel into the vaginas of 12…

NICOTROL® Johnson & Johnson• Merck Nicotine Stop Smoking Aid Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Nicotrol is a multilayered, laminated, flexible thin film containing nicotine as the active ingredient. Nicotrol has been specifically designed to provide a 16-hour rate controlled delivery of nicotine following its application to intact skin. It is intended to be applied during the day and removed at night prior to sleeping, thus minimizing the potential for any sleep…