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VAQTA® MSD Hepatitis A Vaccine (Purified Inactivated) Vaccine Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Hepatitis A vaccine, purified inactivated is an inactivated whole virus vaccine which has been shown to induce antibody to hepatitis A virus protein. Disease Epidemiology: Hepatitis A virus is one of several hepatitis viruses that cause a systemic infection with pathology in the liver. The incubation period ranges from approximately 20 to 50 days. While the course of…

VASERETIC® Frosst Enalapril Maleate – Hydrochlorothiazide Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor – Diuretic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vaseretic combines the action of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril maleate, and that of a diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide. Enalapril Maleate: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidyl dipeptidase which catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the pressor substance, angiotensin II. After absorption, enalapril, a pro-drug, is hydrolyzed to enalaprilat, its active metabolite, which…

VALTREX® Glaxo Wellcome Valacyclovir HCl Antiviral Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action: Valacyclovir is the L-valyl ester and a pro-drug of the antiviral drug acyclovir. Valacyclovir is rapidly converted to acyclovir, which has in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against human herpes viruses including herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The inhibitory activity of acyclovir is highly selective due to…

VAMIN® N Pharmacia & Upjohn Amino Acids – Electrolytes Nutritive and Electrolyte Supplements for I.V. Infusion Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vamin N supplies electrolytes and essential, semi-essential and nonessential L-amino acids for synthesis of body proteins. Nitrogen retention can be promoted by adjusting the energy to nitrogen ratio with simultaneous administration of lipids and/or hypertonic sugar solutions according to the needs of the patient. tag_IndicationsIndications Indications And Clinical Uses: For…

VAMIN® 18 ELECTROLYTE-FREE Pharmacia & Upjohn Amino Acids Nutritive and Electrolyte Supplements for I.V. Infusion Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Vamin 18 Electrolyte-Free acts as a source for protein synthesis in patients with insufficient enteral supply of precursors for protein synthesis. The solution contains all 18 essential and nonessential amino acids. The balance between the amino acids is such that positive nitrogen balance can be achieved in the postoperative period. When…

V-CILLIN K® Lilly Potassium Phenoxymethyl Penicillin Antibiotic Indications And Clinical Uses: Mild to moderately severe infections caused by penicillin V sensitive microorganisms including streptococcal pharyngitis, staphylococcal infection without bacteremia and pneumococcal infections. Therapy should be guided by bacteriologic sensitivity tests and clinical response. Severe pneumonia, empyema, bacteremia, pericarditis, meningitis, and arthritis should not be treated with potassium phenoxymethyl penicillin during the acute stage. Indicated surgical procedures should be performed. The…

VALIUM® ROCHE® ORAL Roche Diazepam Anxiolytic – Sedative Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Diazepam is an anxiolytic-sedative drug useful in the symptomatic relief of anxiety and tension states. It has also adjunctive value in the relief of certain neurospastic conditions. Peak blood levels after oral administration of diazepam are reached within 1 to 2 hours after single oral dosing. The acute half-life is 6 to 8 hours with a slower decline…

URECHOLINE® Frosst Bethanechol Chloride Parasympathomimetic Agent Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Bethanechol acts principally by producing the effects of stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. It increases the tone of the detrusor urinae muscle, usually producing a contraction sufficiently strong to initiate micturition and empty the bladder. It stimulates gastric motility, increases gastric tone, and often restores rhythmic peristalsis. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system releases acetylcholine at the nerve endings….

URISPAS® Pharmascience Flavoxate HCl Urinary Tract Antispasmodic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Flavoxate is a papaverine-like smooth muscle relaxant. It exhibits, however, greater antispasmodic activity and is less toxic. The basic action of flavoxate is the relaxation of smooth muscle fibres of the urinary tract through a mechanism not yet defined. By counteracting smooth muscle spasms of the urinary tract, it relieves the pain and discomfort accompanying a variety of urological…

ULTRADOL™ Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals Etodolac Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Etodolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exhibits anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic properties in animal models. The pharmacological actions of etodolac are thought to be related to inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis at the site of inflammation. Ultradol is a racemic mixture of R- and S-etodolac. As with other NSAIDs, it has been demonstrated in animals…