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ACCUPRIL™ Parke-Davis Quinapril HCl Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Quinapril is a nonpeptide, nonsulphydryl inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), which is used in the treatment of hypertension. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. After absorption, quinapril is rapidly de-esterified to quinaprilat (quinapril diacid), its principal active metabolite. Its primary mode of action…

ACCURETIC™ Parke-Davis Quinapril HCl – Hydrochlorothiazide Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor – Diuretic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Accuretic is a fixed-combination tablet which combines the antihypertensive actions of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, quinapril HCl, and a diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide. In clinical studies, administration of this combination produced greater reductions in blood pressure than the single agents given alone. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism: Quinapril: Following oral administration of quinapril, peak plasma concentrations of quinapril…

ACCUTANE™ ROCHE® Roche Isotretinoin Acne Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: The mechanism of action of isotretinoin is unknown. Vitamin A is important for functional integrity of the skin and is known to affect the keratinization process. In acne patients, improvement occurs in association with a reduction in sebum secretion. The decrease in sebum secretion is temporary and is related to either the dose or duration of isotretinoin administration and reflects…

ABBOKINASE® OPEN-CATH® Abbott Urokinase Fibrinolytic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Urokinase acts on the endogenous fibrinolytic system. It converts plasminogen to the enzyme plasmin. Plasmin degrades fibrin clots as well as fibrinogen. When used as directed for i.v. catheter clearance only small amounts of urokinase may reach the circulation; therefore, therapeutic serum levels are not expected to be achieved. Nevertheless, one should be aware of the clinical pharmacology of urokinase. I.V….

ABBOKINASE® Abbott Urokinase Fibrinolytic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Urokinase acts on the endogenous fibrinolytic system. It converts plasminogen to the enzyme plasmin. Plasmin degrades fibrin clots as well as fibrinogen. I.V. infusion of urokinase in doses recommended for lysis of pulmonary embolism is followed by increased fibrinolytic activity. This effect disappears within a few hours after discontinuation, but a decrease in plasma levels of fibrinogen and plasminogen and an increase…

ACCOLATE® Zeneca Zafirlukast Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Zafirlukast is a selective and competitive receptor antagonist of leukotriene D4 and E4 (LTD4 and LTE4), components of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRSA). Cysteinyl leukotriene production and receptor occupation have been correlated with the pathophysiology of asthma, including airway edema, smooth muscle constriction, and altered cellular activity associated with the inflammatory process, which contribute to the signs and symptoms of…

Introduction Avlosulfon (Dapsone) is an oral medication used to treat a certain type of skin disorder (dermatitis herpetiformis). As an anti-infective medicine, it can sometimes be used for other purposes. Indications And Clinical Uses Leprosy; Dermatitis herpetiformis; Actinomycotic mycetoma. Contraindications Sulfones are contraindicated in patients with advanced amyloidosis of the kidneys. Precautions Dapsone should be used with caution in patients with cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic or renal disease. Routine hematologic analysis should…

AVC® Hoechst Marion Roussel Sulfanilamide Vaginitis Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Sulfanilamide has been an ingredient of vaginal formulations for about four decades. It blocks certain metabolic processes essential for the growth of susceptible bacteria. AVC Cream is buffered to the pH of the normal healthy vagina (approximately 4.3) to encourage the presence of normally occurring DSderlein bacilli of the vagina. Indications And Clinical Uses: For the treatment of vulvovaginitis…

ATROVENT® Inhalation Aerosol Boehringer Ingelheim Ipratropium Bromide Bronchodilator Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ipratropium, a quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine is an anticholinergic drug having bronchodilator properties. On inhalation the onset of action is noted within 5 to 15 minutes with a peak response between 1 and 2 hours, lasting about 2 additional hours with subsequent decline. An inhaled dose of 40 g induces bronchodilator effect lasting for some 6 hours….

ATROVENT® Nasal Spray Boehringer Ingelheim Ipratropium Bromide Topical Anticholinergic Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Ipratropium, a quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine, is an anticholinergic drug. Ipratropium administered intranasally has a localized parasympathetic blocking action which reduces watery hypersecretion from mucosal glands in the nose. Two nasal provocation trials in perennial rhinitis patients (n=44) using ipratropium nasal spray showed a dose-dependent increase in inhibition of methacholine-induced nasal secretion with an onset of…